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--- ip-address [2025/10/03 17:44] – created plida
+++ ip-address [2025/10/04 06:46] (current) – plida
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== IP addresses ======
+IP address is the device's unique identifier in the [[network|network]]. It works on 3rd layer of [[osi_model|OSI]], [[network-layer_network|The Network layer]]. It uses Best-effort delivery, meaning it has no guarantee data won't be lost on the way, which is mitigated by [[network-layer_transport|The Transport layer]] protocols.
+It has two common standards: IPv4 and IPv6.
+==== IPv4 ====
+{{ :ipv4_address_structure_and_writing_systems-en.svg |}}
+IPv4 addresses can be represented in any notation by 32-bit number.
+IP addresses can be public and private. Private IP addresses:
+  * 10.0.0.0/8
+  * 172.16.0.0/12
+  * 192.168.0.0/16
+There's other reserved ranges:
+  * 0.0.0.0/8 - current network
+  * 100.64.0.0/10 - shared address space used by ISPs
+  * 127.0.0.0/8 - loopback interface
+  * 169.254.0.0/16 - link-local addresses (for when IP is not specified, like when retrieving it from a DHCP server)
+  * 192.88.99.0/24 - formerly used for IPv6 to IPv4 relay
+  * 255.255.255.255/32 - limited broadcast
+  * ...and so on.
+==== IPv6 ====
+{{ :ipv6_address_terminology-en.svg |}}
+IPv6 was intended to replace IPv4. It uses 128-bit addresses. Direct communication between IPv6 and IPv4 is impossible, though there are some transition mechanism to help with that.
+IPv6 simplifies many aspects, so it's faster than IPv4.